Some researchers believe that firefighter arsonists undergo a mental process referred to as RPM: the arsonist Rationalizes the crime, Projects blame, and Minimizes the consequences.

The impact of firefighter arson can be severe. People die or are seriously injured, including fellow firefighters. Homes are destroyed. An arsonist from within the fire department can disgrace the whole department, and his actions diminish public trust.  Several states that have experienced the crime of firefighter arson have developed new legislation that directly impacts the prosecution of firefighters accused of arson.